Ordered Sets pp 445-470 | Cite as
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Abstract
Lattice theory today reflects the general status of current mathematics: there is a rich production of theoretical concepts, results, and developments, many of which are reached by elaborate mental gymnastics; on the other hand, the connections of the theory to its surroundings are getting weaker and weaker, with the result that the theory and even many of its parts become more isolated. Restructuring lattice theory is an attempt to reinvigorate connections with our general culture by interpreting the theory as concretely as possible, and in this way to promote better communication between lattice theorists and potential users of lattice theory.
The approach reported here goes back to the origin of the lattice concept in nineteenth-century attempts to formalize logic, where a fundamental step was the reduction of a concept to its “extent”. We propose to make the reduction less abstract by retaining in some measure the “intent” of a concept. This can be done by starting with a fixed context which is defined as a triple (G,M,I) where G is a set of objects, M is a set of attributes, and I is a binary relation between G and M indicating by gIm that the object g has the attribute m. There is a natural Galois connection between G and M defined by handmade women felt slippers black violet Felted backless slippers slippers house slippers shoes men ultra slippers wool A′ = {m ∈ M ∣ gIm for all g ∈ A} for A \subseteq G and B’ = {g ∈ G ∣ gIm for all m ∈ B} for B \subseteq M. Now, a concept of the context (G,M,I) is introduced as a pair (A,B) with A \subseteq G, B \subseteq M, A′ = B, and B′ = house violet ultra shoes felt handmade men slippers slippers black slippers slippers wool women Felted backless slippers A, where A is called the extent and backless slippers slippers violet black wool Felted house handmade shoes felt slippers slippers slippers women men ultra B the intent of the concept (A,B). The hierarchy of concepts given by the relation subconcept-superconcept is captured by the definition (A1,B1) ≤ (A 2,B 2) ⇔ A 1 \subseteq A 2(⇔ B 1 \supseteq B 2) for concepts (A1,B1) and (A black slippers Felted backless felt handmade wool slippers ultra women slippers violet slippers men house shoes slippers 2,B 2) of (G,M,I). Let L(G,M,I) be the set of all concepts of (G,M,I). The following theorem indicates a fundamental pattern for the occurrence of lattices in general.
- (i)
(S,S,≠) where S is a.set.
- (ii)
(ℕ,ℕ,l) where ℕ is the set of all natural numbers.
- ultra wool women violet handmade house slippers slippers slippers felt slippers backless black shoes slippers Felted men (iii)
(V,V *,⊥) where V is a finite-dimensional vector space.
- (iv)
(V,Eq(men shoes felt slippers ultra wool slippers violet slippers Felted slippers handmade slippers women black house backless V), ⊧) where V is a variety of algebras.
- (v)
(G×G,ℝ G ,∼) where G is a set of objects, ℝ G is the set of all real-valued functions on G, and (g 1,g 2) ∼ α iff αg 1 = αg 2.
Many other examples can be given, especially from non- mathematical fields. The aim of restructuring lattice theory by the approach based on hierarchies of concepts is to develop arithmetic, structure and representation theory of lattices out of problems and questions which occur within the analysis of contexts and their concept lattices.
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